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FTO gene
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''FTO'' gene located on chromosome 16. As one homolog in the AlkB family proteins, it is the first mRNA demethylase that has been identified.〔 Certain variants of the FTO gene appear to be correlated with obesity in humans.〔 == Function ==
The amino acid sequence of the transcribed FTO protein shows high similarity with the enzyme AlkB which oxidatively demethylates DNA.〔〔 Recombinant FTO protein was first discovered to catalyze demethylation of 3-methylthymine in single-stranded DNA, and 3-methyluridine in single-stranded RNA, with low efficiency.〔 The nucleoside N6-methyladenosine, an abundant modification in RNA, was then found to be a major substrate of FTO.〔〔 The FTO gene expression was also found to be significantly upregulated in the hypothalamus of rats after food deprivation and strongly negatively correlated with the expression of orexigenic galanin-like peptide which is involved in the stimulation of food intake.〔 Increases in hypothalamic expression of FTO are associated with the regulation of energy intake but not feeding reward.〔
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